Rules - World Doubles

THE RULES OF WORLD SQUASH DOUBLES

THE GAME
THE SCORE
POINTS
THE SERVICE
THE PLAY
GOOD RETURN
LET
STROKES
HITTING AN OPPONENT WITH THE BALL
FURTHER ATTEMPTS TO HIT THE BALL
APPEALS
INTERFERENCE
LETS
THE BALL
THE WARM UP
CONTINUITY OF PLAY
CONDUCT ON COURT
CONTROL OF A MATCH
DUTIES OF A MARKER
DUTIES OF A REFEREE

1. THE GAME

The game of International Squash doubles is played between two sides, each consisting of two players, each player using a specified racket, with a specified ball, and in a court constructed to WSF specified dimensions.

Notes

A. It is strongly recommended that protective eyeguards manufactured to Canadian Standards Association or United States ASTM specification be worn properly over the eyes at all times during play.

B. When the words "he", "him" and "his" are used in the rules they shall be taken to mean "she" and "her" as appropriate.

2. THE SCORE

A match shall consist of the best of three or five games at the option of the organisers of the competition. Each game is to fifteen points, in that the side which scores fifteen points wins the game, except that, on the score being called fourteen all the receiving side shall choose before the next service is delivered, to continue that game either to fifteen points (known as "Set one") or to seventeen points (known as "Set three") in which latter case the side which scores three more points wins the game. The receiving side shall in either case clearly indicate its choice to the Marker, Referee and the opponents.

The Marker shall call either "Set one" or "Set three" as applicable before play continues. The Marker shall call "Game ball" to indicate that either side requires one point to win the game in progress, "Match ball" to indicate that either side requires one point to win the match and "Match ball, game ball" if one side requires one point to win the match and the opponents require one point to win the game in progress.

3.POINTS

Points can be scored by either side. When the server's side wins a stroke it scores a point and the server retains the service; when the receiver's side wins a stroke it scores a point and the server relinquishes the service.

4.THE SERVICE

4.1 The right to serve first or receive is decided by the spin of a racket. The side which serves is called "side-in" and the side which receives is called "side-out".
At the commencement of the second and each subsequent game, the side which won the previous game shall have the choice of serving or receiving first. This shall be indicated to the Marker, Referee and opponents.
Except for the first rally of every game, the partners of a side shall serve in succession, the first retaining service until his side loses a stroke, whereupon the Marker shall call "Hand-out". The second then serves and retains service until his side loses another stroke, whereupon the Marker shall call "Side-out". At this point side-in becomes side-out and the same procedure applies to the opponents who become side- in.
On the first rally of every game the second server only shall serve and side-in becomes side-out after losing one stroke only (Marker's call "Side-out").
The order of serving by the partners of a side shall not be changed during the progress of a game but may be changed at the start of a new game. If such a change is made this must be clearly indicated at the start of the game to the Marker, Referee and opponents.
4.2 At the beginning of each game the second server of side-in has the choice of serving from either box. After "Side-out" has occurred once, the first partner of side-in has the choice of serving from either box. If side-in then loses a stroke the second partner of that side shall commence serving from the right box if his partner had last served from the left box, and vice versa.
Any player, having commenced serving from one box, shall then serve from alternate boxes while remaining the server unless a rally ends in a let, in which case he shall serve again from the same box.
Note To Officials
If it appears that the server intends to serve from the wrong box, or any player appears undecided as to which is the correct box, the Marker shall advise which is the correct box. If the Marker makes an error with this advice, or there is any dispute, the Referee shall rule on the correct box.
4.3 At the beginning of each game both sides shall designate one partner to receive service from the right side of the court and the other from the left. Each partner shall receive service throughout each game from his designated side.
If the partners exchange sides for receipt of service at the start of a new game this must be clearly indicated prior to the start of the game to the Marker, Referee and opponents.
4.4 The ball shall be dropped or thrown for service before being struck and a player with the use of only one arm may utilise his racket to propel the ball into the air before striking it.
Should a player, having dropped or thrown the ball, make no attempt to strike it, the ball shall be dropped or thrown again for that service.
Play commences with a good service. For a service to be good it shall not be ruled fault, foot fault, not up, down or out. The server is permitted two services if necessary to achieve a good service; he does not serve his hand out if the first service is not good.
If the first service is not good the receiver does not have the option of accepting that service for play and the server shall serve again from the same box.
If a second service is necessary and that service is also not good the server serves his hand out and side-in loses the stroke.
4.5 A service is not good if:
- 4.5.1 The ball, after being dropped or thrown for service, touches the wall(s), floor, ceiling or any object(s) suspended from the walls or ceiling before being served. - Called "Fault".
- 4.5.2 At the time of striking the ball the server fails to have part of one foot in contact with the floor within the service box without any part of that foot touching the service box line (part of that foot may project over this line provided that it does not touch the line). - Called "Foot fault".
- 4.5.3 The server makes an attempt but fails to strike the ball. - Called "Not up".
- 4.5.4 The ball is not struck correctly. - Called "Not up".
- 4.5.5 The ball is served out. - Called "Out".
- 4.5.6 The ball is served against any part of the court before the front wall.- Called "Fault".
- 4.5.7 The ball is served onto or below the cut line. - Called "Fault" if above the board and "Down" if on or below the board.
- 4.5.8 The first bounce of the ball, unless volleyed by the receiver, is on the floor on or outside the short or half court lines of the quarter court opposite to the server's box. - Called "Fault"
- 4.5.9 Any combination of the events listed in Rules 4.5.1 to 4.5.8 occurs.
4.6 The server must not serve until the Marker has completed calling the score.
Note To Officials
The Marker must not delay play by the calling of the score. However, if the server serves or attempts to serve prior to the calling of the score, the Referee shall stop play and require the server to wait until the calling of the score has been completed.

5. THE PLAY

After a good service has been delivered the sides return the ball alternately until one fails to make a good return, the ball otherwise ceases to be in play in accordance with the rules or on a call by the Marker or Referee.

6. GOOD RETURN

6.1 A return is good if the ball, before it has bounced more than once upon the floor, is returned correctly by the striker onto the front wall above the board, without first touching the floor or any part of the striker's body or clothing, or any other player's racket, body or clothing, provided the ball is not hit out.
6.2 It shall not be considered a good return if the ball touches the board before or after it hits the front wall and before it bounces on the floor, or if the racket is not in the player's hand at the time the ball is struck.

7. LET

A let is an undecided rally. The rally in respect of which a let is allowed shall not count and the server shall serve again from the same box.

8. STROKES

A side wins a stroke:

8.1 Under Rule 4.4 when the side is the receiver's side.
8.2 If its opponents fail to make a good return of the ball when an opponent is the striker, unless a let is allowed or a stroke is awarded to the opponents.
8.3 If the ball touches an opponent or anything he wears or carries when the opponents are the non-strikers, except as is otherwise provided for in Rules 9, 10 and 13.1.1. In all cases the Referee shall rule accordingly.
8.4 If a stroke is awarded to it by the Referee as provided for in the rules.
8.5 If one opponent , while the striker, hits his partner or racket or anything he wears or carries, with the ball.

9. HITTING AN OPPONENT WITH THE BALL

9.1 If the ball, before reaching the front wall, hits one of the striking side's opponents or his racket, or anything he wears or carries, the ball shall cease to be in play and:
- 9.1.1 If the return would have been good a let shall be allowed.
- 9.1.2 If the return would not have been good the striking side shall lose the stroke.
- Note To Officials
- When a player has been struck by the ball as described in Rule 9 the Marker shall call "Down". The Referee shall assess the trajectory of the ball and make all further decisions.

10. FURTHER ATTEMPTS TO HIT THE BALL

If the striker strikes at and misses the ball he may make further attempts to strike it. If, after being missed, the ball touches an opponent or his racket, or anything he wears or carries, then, if, in the opinion of the Referee:

10.1 The striker could otherwise have made a good return a let shall be allowed, or
10.2 The striker could not have made a good return his side shall lose the stroke.
10.3 If any such further attempt is successful resulting in a good return being prevented from reaching the front wall by hitting one of the striking side's opponents or anything he wears or carries, a let shall be allowed in all circumstances. If any such further attempt would not have resulted in a good return, the striking side shall lose the stroke.

11. APPEALS

The loser of a rally may appeal against any decision of the Marker affecting that rally.

An appeal to the Referee under Rule 11 should be prefaced with the words "Appeal please". Play shall then cease until the Referee has given his decision.

If an appeal under Rule 11 is disallowed the Marker's decision shall stand. If the Referee is uncertain he shall allow a let except where provided for in the Note To Referees after Rule 11.2.1 and Notes To Referees C and D after 11.2.2.

Appeals upheld or Referee intervention under Rule 20.4 are dealt with in each specific situation below.

Note To Referees

A pointing gesture is not an appeal.

11.1 Appeals on Service
- 11.1.1 No appeal may be made if the Marker calls "Fault", "Foot fault", "Not up","Down" or "Out" to the first service.
- 11.1.2 If the Marker calls "Fault", "Foot fault", "Not up", "Down" or "Out" to the second service the server may appeal. If the appeal is upheld a let shall be allowed.
- 11.1.3 If the Marker fails to call "Fault","Foot fault", "Not up", "Down" or "Out" to either first or second service either partner of side-out may appeal, either immediately or at the end of the rally if the receiver has played or attempted to play the ball. If, in the opinion of the Referee, the service was not good he shall stop play immediately and allow a second service or award the stroke as appropriate.
- Note to Officials
- If a let is allowed and the service to start the rally was a first service then for the restart of the rally it remains a first service, if a second service it then remains a second service.
11.2 Appeals on Play other than Service
- 11.2.1 If the Marker calls "Not up", "Down" or "Out" following a player's return, the player may appeal. If the appeal is upheld the Referee shall allow a let except that if, in the opinion of the Referee:
- - The Marker's call has interrupted that player's winning return, he shall award the stroke to that player's side.
- - The Marker's call has interrupted or prevented a winning return by an opponent, he shall award the stroke to the opponent's side.

Note To Referees
In the latter case the Referee shall also award the stroke to the opponent's side if he is unsure whether the Marker's call was correct.
11.2.2 If the Marker fails to call "Not up", "Down" or "Out" following a player's return either partner of the opposing side may appeal either immediately or at the end of the rally if one has played or attempted to play the ball. If, in the opinion of the Referee, the return was not good he shall stop play immediately and award the stroke to the opposing side.
Notes To Referees

A. No appeal under Rule 11 may be made after the delivery of a service for anything that occurred before that service.
B. Where there is more than one appeal in a rally the Referee shall consider each appeal.
C. If a return is called "Not up", "Down" or "Out" by the Marker and that same return subsequently goes down or out the Referee, on appeal, if he reverses the Marker's call or is unsure, shall then rule on the subsequent occurrence.
D. If a second service is called " Fault", "Foot fault", "Not up","Down" or "Out" by the Marker and that service subsequently goes down, not up or out, or is again a fault, the Referee, on appeal, if hreverses the Marker's call or is unsure, shall then rule on the subsequent occurrence.

12. INTERFERENCE

12.1 When it is his turn to play the ball a player is entitled to freedom from interference by his opponents
12.2 To avoid interference the opponents must make every effort to provide the player with:
- 12.2.1 Unobstructed direct access to the ball.
- 12.2.2 A fair view of the ball.
- 12.2.3 Freedom to hit the ball
12.3 Interference occurs if an opponent fails to fulfil any of the requirements of Rule 12.2, irrespective of whether he makes every effort to do so.
Notes To Referees
(G1) A. In 12.2.1 both opponents must move to allow the player direct access to the ball as soon as one of them has completed his own return, i.e. at the completion of a reasonable follow-through of his racket swing. The player must also make every effort to get to and where possible play the ball.
(G2) B. In 12.2.2 fair view of the ball applies only to its rebound from the front wall.
C. In 12.2.3 freedom to hit the ball requires that the opponents permit the player an arc of racket swing comprising reasonable backswing, strike at the ball and reasonable follow-through
Interference caused by a player's excessive backswing can not result in the award of a stroke to that player.
A player's excessive follow-through may cause interference for an opponent when it becomes the latter's turn to play the ball.

12.4 A player encountering what he considers to be interference has the choice of continuing with play or of stopping and appealing to the Referee.
- (G3) 12.4.1 The correct method of appeal, whether a let or a stroke is sought by the player, is with the words "Let please".
- (G4) 12.4.2 An appeal may be made only by the player. The appeal must be made either immediately the interference occurs or, where the player clearly does not continue with play beyond the point of interference, without undue delay.
12.5 The Referee shall decide on the appeal and shall announce his decision with the words "No let", "Yes let" or "Stroke to ...'s side (name of appropriate player)". In assessing the interference situation the only relevant opinion is that of the Referee and his decision shall be final.
12.6 The Referee shall not allow a let and the player's side shall lose the rally if:

12.6.1 There has been no interference.
12.6.2 Interference has occurred but either the player would not have made a good return or he has not made adequate effort to get to and where possible play the ball.
12.6.3 The player has clearly accepted the interference and played on.
(G5) 12.6.4 The player has created his own interference in moving to the ball.

12.7 The Referee shall allow a let if there has been interference which an opponent has made every effort to avoid and the player would have made a good return.
12.8 The Referee shall award a stroke to the player's side if:
- 12.8.1 There has been interference which an opponent has not made every effort to avoid and the player would have made a good return.
- 12.8.2 There has been interference which an opponent has made every effort to avoid and the player would have made a winning return.
12.9 The Referee is also empowered to allow a let under Rule 12.7 or to award a stroke under Rule 12.8 without an appeal having been made, if necessary stopping play to do so.
12.10 The provisions of Rule 17, Conduct On Court, may be applied in interference situations. The Referee shall, stopping play if it has not already stopped, apply an appropriate penalty if:

(G6) 12.10.1 The player has made unnecessary physical contact with an opponent or vice versa.
12.10.2 The player has endangered an opponent with an excessive racket swing.

13. LETS

In addition to lets allowed under other rules, lets may or shall be allowed in certain other cases.

13.1 A let may be allowed:
- 13.1.1 If owing to the position of the striker, an opponent is unable to avoid being touched by the ball before the return is made.
- Note To Referees
- This rule covers the cases where the striker's position is in front of an opponent, making it difficult for the latter to see the ball, or where the striker allows the ball to pass close to him and the ball hits an opponent who is behind the striker. This is not, however, to be taken as conflicting in any way with the duties of the Referee under Rule 12.
- 13.1.2 If the ball in play touches any article lying on the floor.
- Note To Referees
- The Referee shall ensure that no articles are placed on the floor by theplayers.
- (G7) 13.1.3 If the striker refrains from hitting the ball owing to a reasonable fear of injuring an opponent.
- Note To Referees
- This rule shall include the case of the striker wishing to play the ball onto the back wall.
- 13.1.4 If, in the opinion of the Referee, any player isdistracted by an occurrence on or off the court.
- 13.1.5 If, in the opinion of the Referee, a change in court conditions has affected the result of the rally.
13.2 A let shall be allowed:

13.2.1 If the receiver is not ready and does not attempt to return the service.
13.2.2 If the ball breaks during play.
13.2.3 If the Referee is asked to decide an appeal and is unable to do so.
13.2.4 If an otherwise good return has been made but either the ball lodges in any part of the playing surface of the court preventing it from bouncing more than once upon the floor, or the ball goes out on its first bounce.

13.3 If a partner of the striking side appeals for a let under Rules 13.1.2, 13.1.4 or 13.1.5 he or his partner must have been able to make a good return or if the striker appeals for a let under Rule 13.1.3 he must have been ableto make a good return for a let to be allowed in either case. For a non-striker appeal under Rules 13.1.2, 13.1.4 and 13.1.5 this is not a requirement.
13.4 No let shall be allowed under Rules 13.1.3 and 13.2.1 if the striker attempts to play the ball but may be allowed under Rules 13.1.2, 13.1.4, 13.1.5, 13.2.2, 13.2.3 and 13.2.4.
13.5 The appeals requirements of Rule 13 are:
- 13.5.1 An appeal by the player is necessary for a let to be allowed under Rules 13.1.3 (striker only), 13.1.4, 13.2.1 (striker only) and 13.2.3.
- 13.5.2 An appeal by the player or Referee intervention without appeal is applicable to Rules 13.1.2, 13.1.5, 13.2.2 and 13.2.4.
- 13.5.3 Where a non-striker is struck by the ball as described in Rule 13.1.1 the Referee shall decide without appeal whether a let is to be allowed or the stroke awarded to the striking side.

14 .THE BALL

14.1 At any time, when the ball is not in actual play, another ball may be substituted by mutual consent of the players, or on appeal by any player at the discretion of the Referee.

Note To Referees
Any player or the Referee may examine the ball at any time it is not in actual play to check its condition.
14.2 If a ball breaks during play, it shall be replaced promptly by another ball.
Note To Referees
The Referee shall decide whether a ball is broken.
14.3 If a ball has broken during play but this has not been established, a let for the rally in which the ball broke shall be allowed if the server appeals prior to the next service or if the receiver appeals prior to attempting to return that service.
Note To Referees
(G8) If the receiver appeals prior to attempting to return service and, in the opinion of the Referee, the ball break occurred during that service, the Referee shall allow a let for that rally only, but if unsure he should allow a let for the previous rally.
14.4 The provisions of Rule 14.3 do not apply to the final rally of a game. An appeal in this case must be immediately after the rally.
14.5 If a player stops during a rally to appeal that the ball is broken only to find subsequently that the ball is not broken, then that player's side shall lose the stroke.

15. WARM UP

15.1 Immediately preceding the start of play sides shall be allowed on the court of play a period of five minutes for the purpose of warming up the ball to be used for the match.
Sides shall warm up separately on the court of play. The choice of warming up first or second shall be decided by the spin of a racket.
After two and a half minutes of the warm up, the Referee shall call "Half time" and ensure that the second side has its warm up period. The Referee shall also advise when the warm up period is complete with the call of "Time".
An interval of up to ninety seconds shall be permitted between the end of the warm up and start of play.

15.2 Where a ball has been substituted under Rule 14 or when the match is being resumed after considerable delay, the Referee shall allow the ball to be warmed up to playing condition by one player from each side together. Play shall then resume on the direction of the Referee, or upon mutual consent of the players, whichever is the earlier.
Note To Referees
The Referee must ensure that both players warm up the ball fairly (Rule 15.2). An unfair warm up shall be dealt with under the provisions of Rule 17.
15.3 The ball may be warmed up by either side between the end of the five-minute warm up and start of play, between games and when an opponent is changing equipment.
Any such warm up is restricted to two players, with one player from each side having priority over two players from the same side.

16. CONTINUITY OF PLAY

After the first service is delivered play shall be continuous so far as is practical provided that:

16.1 At any time play may be suspended, owing to bad light or other circumstances beyond the control of the players, for such period as the Referee shall decide. The score shall stand. If another court is available when the court originally in use remains unsuitable,the match may be transferred to it if both sides agree or as directed by the Referee .In the event of play being suspended for the day the score hall stand unless both sides agree to start the match again.
16.2 An interval of ninety seconds shall be permitted between all games. Players may leave the court during such intervals but must be ready to resume play by the end of the stated time.By mutual consent of the players play may recommence prior to the expiry of the ninety-second time interval.
(G9) 16.3 If a player satisfies the Referee that a change of equipment, clothing or footwear is necessary, the player may leave the court. He is required to effect the change as quickly as possible and shall be allowed a period not exceeding ninety seconds for this purpose.
16.4 When fifteen seconds of a permitted ninety-second time interval remain the Referee shall call "Fifteen seconds" to advise the players to be ready to resume play. At the end of this interval the Referee shall call "Time".
It is the responsibility of the players to be within earshot of the court to hear the calls of "Fifteen seconds" and "Time".

Notes To Referees
A. Should one side fail to be ready to resume play when "Time" is called, the Referee shall apply the provisions of Rule 17.
B. Should neither side be ready to resume play when "Time" is called the Referee shall apply the provisions of Rule 17 for both sides.
(G10) 16.5 In the event of an injury to a player the Referee shall decide if it was:
- 16.5.1 Self-inflicted.
- 16.5.2 Accidentally contributed to or accidentally caused by an opponent.
- 16.5.3 Caused by an opponent's deliberate or dangerous play or action.
- Notes To Referees
- A. In all injury situations, the Referee must determine that the injury is genuine.
- B. In Rule 16.5.1, the Referee may allow the injured player up to three minutes to recover from the injury. This time interval may be extended at the discretion of the Referee. If additional recovery time is needed beyond that permitted by the Referee, the Referee shall require the player to continue play; or concede the game, accept the time interval and then continue play; or concede the match.
- C. In Rule 16.5.2, the Referee must not interpret the words "accidentally contributed to" or "accidentally caused by" to include the situation where the injury to the player is as a result of that player occupying an unnecessarily close position to an opponent.
- D. In Rule 16.5.2 the Referee shall allow reasonable time for the injured player to recover, having regard to the time schedule of the competition.
- The injured player must by the end of this period of time resume play or his side must concede the match. If play is resumed the score at the time of injury shall stand, except that if play is resumed on another day the match may start again if both sides agree.
- E. In Rule 16.5.3 the Referee may, at his discretion, apply an appropriate Rule 17 penalty, except that if the injured player requires time to recover the Ref eree shall award the match to the injured player's side.
- F. In all cases a player shall not resume play while a wound which is bleeding remains uncovered and the flow of blood continues.
(G11) 16.6 The Referee shall apply the provisions of Rule 17 to a player who, in his opinion, delays play unreasonably. Such delay may be caused by:

16.6.1 Unduly slow preparation to serve or to receive service.
16.6.2 Prolonged discussion with the Referee.
16.6.3 Delay in returning to the court, having left under the terms of Rules 15.1, 16.2 or 16.3.

17. CONDUCT ON COURT

If the Referee considers that the behaviour of a player on court could be intimidating or offensive to an opponent, official or spectator, or could in any way bring the game into disrepute, the player's side may be penalised.

(G12) Offences which should be dealt with under this rule include audible and visible obscenities, verbal and physical abuse, dissent to Marker or Referee, abuse of racket or ball and coaching, other than during the interval b etween games. Other offences include unnecessary physical contact and excessive racket swing (Rule 12.10), unfair warm up (Rule 15.2 Note To Referees), late back on court (Rule 16.4 Notes to Referees A and B), deliberate or dangerous play or action (Rule 16.5.3) and time wasting (Rule 16.6).

(G13) For these and any other offences which, in the opinion of the Referee, justify the application of this rule, one of the following penalty provisions may be applied.

Warning by the Referee (called a Conduct Warning)
Stroke awarded to the opposing side (called a Conduct Stroke)
Game awarded to the opposing side (called a Conduct Game)
Match awarded to the opposing side(called a Conduct Match)
Notes To Referees
A. If the Referee stops play to give a warning a let shall be allowed.
B. If the Referee stops a rally to award a conduct stroke then that stroke award becomes the result of the rally. If the Referee awards a conduct stroke at the conclusion of a rally, the result of the rally stands and the conduct stroke award is additional but without change of service box.
A conduct stroke awarded at the end of a game shall be carried over to the next game.
C. If the Referee awards a game that game shall be the one in progress or the next game if one is not in progress, in which latter case the interval between games shall not apply. The offending player's side shall retain any points already scored in the game awarded.

18. CONTROL OF A MATCH

A match is normally controlled by a Referee, assisted by a Marker. One person may be appointed to carry out the functions of both Referee and Marker.

When a decision has been made by the Referee he shall announce it to the players and the Marker shall repeat it with the subsequent score.

Notes To Officials

(G14) A. It is desirable to have separate Officials to carry out the roles of Marker and Referee.

B. Players are not permitted to request a change of Marker or Referee. The Tournament Referee has the sole right to replace a Marker or Referee before or after the commencement of a match.

19. DUTIES OF A MARKER

19.1 The Marker shall call the play, followed by the score, with the serving side's score called first. He shall call "Fault", "Foot fault", "Notup", "Down", "Out", "Hand-out" and "Side-out" as appropriate, and shall repeat the Referee's decisions.
(G15) 19.2 If the Marker makes a call the rally shall cease.
Note To Markers
If the Marker is unsighted or uncertain he shall make no call.
19.3 If play ceases and the Marker is unsighted or uncertain he shall advise the players and shall call on the Referee to make the relevant decision; if the Referee is unable to do so a let shall be allowed.
Note To Markers
Markers must use recognised calls, including when the rally has ceased.

20. DUTIES OF A REFEREE

20.1 The Referee shall allow or disallow appeals for lets, and award strokes; make decisions where called for by the rules, including all cases when a player is struck by the ball, and for injuries; and shall decide all appeals including those against the Marker's calls or lack of calls. The decision of the Referee shall be final.
20.2 The Referee shall exercise control:

20.2.1 Upon appeal by one of the players, including an appeal against any specification.
20.2.2 As provided for in Rules 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.

20.3 The Referee shall not intervene in the Marker's calling of the score unless, in the opinion of the Referee, the score has been called incorrectly in which case he shall have the Marker call the correct score.
Note To Officials
Both the Marker and Referee are required to record the score.
20.4 The Referee shall not intervene in the Marker's calling of the play unless, in the opinion of the Referee, the Marker has made an error in stopping play or allowing play to continue, in which case the Referee shall immediately rule accordingly.
20.5 The Referee is responsible for ensuring that all rules relating to time are strictly enforced
20.6 The Referee is responsible for ensuring that court conditions are appropriate for play.
20.7 The Referee may award a match to a side whose opponents fail to be present on court, ready to play, within ten minutes of the advertised time of play.